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* chain/src/atom/default.rs: Making this function public means I do
not have to worry about it being unused.
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* chain/src/atom/default.rs (print_nullables): This functions prints
the nullables nodes of an atomic language. This is useful whe
designing unit tests, as it enables us to know which rule positions
are considered accepting by the underlying testing atomic language.
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There were two main issues in the previous version.
One is that there are lots of duplications of nodes when manipulating
the forest. This does not mean that labels repeat: by the use of the
data type this cannot happen. What happened is that there were cloned
nodes whose children are exactly equal. In this case there is no need
to clone that node in the first place. This is now fixed by checking
carefully before cloning, so that we do not clone unnecessary nodes.
The other issue, which is perhaps more important, is that there are
nodes which are not closed. This means that when there should be a
reuction of grammar rules, the forest does not mark the corresponding
node as already reduced. The incorrect forests thus caused is hard to
fix: I tried several different approaches to fix it afterwards, but
all to no avail. I also tried to record enough information to fix
these nodes during the manipulations. It turned out that recording
nodes is a dead end, as I cannot properly syncronize the information
in the forest and the information in the chain-rule machine. Any
inconsistencies will result in incorrect operations later on.
The approach I finally adapt is to perform every possible reduction at
each step. This might lead to some more nodes than what we need. But
those are technically expected to be there after all, and it is easy
to filter them out, so it is fine, from my point of view at the
moment.
Therefore, what remains is to filter those nodes out and connect it to
the holy Emacs. :D
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I should have staged and committed these changes separately, but I am
too lazy to deal with that.
The main changes in this commit are that I added the derive macro that
automates the delegation of the Graph trait. This saves a lot of
boiler-plate codes.
The second main change, perhaps the most important one, is that I
found and tried to fix a bug that caused duplication of nodes. The
bug arises from splitting or cloning a node multiple times, and
immediately planting the same fragment under the new "sploned" node.
That is, when we try to splone the node again, we found that we need
to splone, because the node that was created by the same sploning
process now has a different label because of the planting of the
fragment. Then after the sploning, we plant the fragment again. This
makes the newly sploned node have the same label (except for the clone
index) and the same children as the node that was sploned and planted
in the previous rounds.
The fix is to check for the existence of a node that has the same set
of children as the about-to-be-sploned node, except for the last one,
which contains the about-to-be-planted fragment as a prefix. If that
is the case, treat it as an already existing node, so that we do not
have to splone the node again.
This is consistent with the principle to not create what we do not
need.
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I decide to adopt a new approach of recording and updating item
derivation forests. Since this affects a lot of things, I decide to
commit before the refactor, so that I can create a branch for that
refactor.
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I need more than the ability to clone nodes: I also need to split the
nodes. Now this seems to be correctly added.
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Finally the prototype parser has produced the first correct forest.
It is my first time to generate a correct forest, in fact, ever since
the beginning of this project.
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Now the forest can detect if a node is packed or cloned, and correctly
clones a node in those circumstances. But it still needs to be
tested.
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It seems the performance is indeed linear for a simple grammar.
This is such a historical moment, for me, that I think it deserves a
separate commit, haha.
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I have an ostensibly working prototype now.
Further tests are needed to make sure that the algorithm meets the
time complexity requirement, though.
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Now the grammar will record the left-linear expansions when generating
the nondeterministic finite automaton frmo its rules, and will record
whether an edge in the nondeterministic finite automaton comes from a
left-linear expansion. The latter is needed because while performing
a chain-rule derivation, we do not need the left-linear expanded
derivations in the "first layer". This might well have been the root
cause of the bad performance of the previous version of this package.
Also I have figured out how to properly generate and handle parse
forests while manipulating the "chain-rule machine".
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I put functionalities that are not strictly core to separate crates,
so that the whole package becomes more modular, and makes it easier to
try other parsing algorithms in the future.
Also I have to figure the forests out before finishing the core
chain-rule algorithm, as the part about forests affects the labels of
the grammars directly. From my experiences in writing the previous
version, it is asking for trouble to change the labels type
dramatically at a later point: too many places need to be changed.
Thus I decide to figure the rough part of forests out.
Actually I only have to figure out how to attach forests fragments to
edges of the underlying atomic languages, and the more complex parts
of putting forests together can be left to the recorders, which is my
vision of assembling semi-ring values during the chain-rule machine.
It should be relatively easy to produce forests fragments from
grammars since we are just trying to extract some information from the
grammar, not to manipulate those information in some complicated way.
We have to do some manipulations in the process, though, in order to
make sure that the nulling and epsilon-removal processes do not
invalidate these fragments.
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